Norma Jean Mortensen Baker Was Born To Her Mother Gladys Mortensen On

Norma Jean Mortensen Baker was born to her mother Gladys Mortensen on June 1st, 1926 at 9:30 am in Los Angeles, California. Gladys was divorced from her husband, C. Stanley Gifford and separated from her husband Ed Mortensen. Ed Mortensen was who Gladys put on Norma Jean's birth certificate as her father but it is still in question if he was her father of if it was her first husband Jack Baker who was her father. Gladys had two other kids from another marriage. She had them in her first marriage to Jack Baker. They were married when she was sixteen in 1917. The kids names were Hermitt Jack and Berneice. They went to live with their father's family in Kentucky after their divorce in 1921. Hermitt reportedly died of Tuberculosis in the early 20's, but Gladys reported both of them dead when Norma Jean was born. Gladys later reunited in the 60's when Berneice in the 60's when Berneice became Gladys legal guardian. After Norma Jean was born Gladys decided she couldn't afford her and so she sent her to live with a mail carrier and his wife, Albert and Ida Bolender. Norma Jean spent her first years with the Bolenders. They were very religious. They boarded children at their property. It was two acres. They tried to adopt her but Gladys always rejected. Her Grandmother live across the street from the Bolenders. Her name was Della Hogan Monroe Grainger. She would take Norma Jean to her house for visits often. Later in life Marilyn said that she awoke in the night fighting for her lifer because her grandmother was holding a pillow over her face. Many people say she couldn't remember this happening because she was only a year old then. Another time Della tried to ?rescue? Norma Jean. She tired breaking the Bolenders door down. She had to be taken away by the police and she was put in an asylum on August 4, 1927, where she died 3 weeks later from a heart attack during a manic seizure. Norma Jean's situation was very confusing for her. She got weekend visits from Gladys. Norma Jean never called her her mama though. She didn't know Gladys was really her mother until Ida Bolender pointed it out to her. She had always called the Bolenders mom and dad until Ida corrected her. There was another kid there named Lester. He got away with away with calling them mom and dad because he had been adopted by them. Yet, they called Norma Jean and Lester ?twins? which only confused Norma Jean even more. Gladys started spending more time with her daughter and she took her to work with her occasionally. She was five when she saw pictures of the father for the first time. ?I felt so excited I almost fell off my chair...That was my first happy time.? (Marilyn by: Kathy Rooks-Denes, copyright 1993, pg. 19). In 1934 Norma Jean was brought to lice with her mom and an English couple. They urged her out of the religious shell she was in and got her into singing and dancing and the movies. Gladys worked two jobs. She tried to provide a good family life for her daughter but in 1935 Gladys was taken away on away on a stretcher. She was put in the same mental hospital her mom had died in and was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia. She would stay in the hospital almost the rest of her life. Her mother would never allow her to be adopted out so she lived in 12 different families, 10 of them foster parents, when she wasn't in a Los Angeles orphaninge. At age 16 Norma Jean was forced into a marriage to 20 year old Jim Dougherty. She didn't want to marry him. She thought she was way too young but she was forced to do so anyways. ?I had six mothers weeping when I marched down the aisle? (Marilyn pg. 25) Gladys wasn't there though even though she wasn't in a hospital at the time. They didn't take a honeymoon and Jim went to work the next day like their marriage wasn't any big deal. ?It was like being retired to a zoo. The effect marriage had on me was to increase my lack of interest in sex...Actually our marriage was a sort of friendship with sexual privileges, (which) brought me neither pain nor happiness.? (Marilyn pg. 26) She wanted a baby but he talked her out

The Outsiders- by SE Hinton Why Gangs Portrayed in this Novel are Real

The Outsiders- by SE Hinton Why Gangs Portrayed in this Novel are Real Gangs. This is what is portrayed in SE Hinton's novel, The Outsiders. Two different gangs from opposite ends of the social ladder clash in this epic novel of social tension between two rival groups, the Socs and the Greasers. The main character, 14-year-old Ponyboy, is a Greaser who lives under the cycle of poverty and endless pressure from the Socs. They are the upper class Westside crowd who are accepted in society. The Greasers, in contrast, struggle to put food on the table and are social outcasts. SE Hinton has mentioned about gangs several times in her novel. But what really defines a gang? According to some, it is, "A group of young people who spend time together for social reasons." While others define gangs as, "A group of people who work together for some criminal or antisocial purpose." Although these are the most popular ones, it does not mean there aren't more definitions, as it is an ever evolving phenomenon.Gangs of New YorkIn the Outsiders, many different gangs are de picted. This led me to believe that the gangs are very real in this tale. The main reason behind this is the fact they give three main characteristics of a gang. They are; the fear they instill on the general public, the marked territory, and rivalry between other gangs.The fear they instill on the general public is there for reputation purposes. If you're an established person with a reputation to protect, none of the very many below you will question your authority. The fear the community has for the Greasers, as well as the Socs, was evident when Ponyboy stated that, "One day the Socs are a menace to society, the next they are the greatest contributions." On the other hand, Greasers were always known as a peril to...

Anish Kapoor Exhibition Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anish Kapoor Exhibition Review - Essay Example Anish Kapoor: Memory suggests the sequences in which human perception arises through the principle of memory. â€Å"Memory,† a site-specific installation which contrives to fill Guggenheim’s enormous gallery space, becomes an investigation of scale, volume, color and materiality and consequently experiments on the limitations or restrictions of space and place. The exterior shell of this massive egg-shaped sculpture secures itself tightly against the peripheries of the gallery walls and ceiling, and down again to the floor. The eight millimeter thick Cor-Ten steel material chosen by Kapoor allows the form to achieve an apparent weightlessness although in reality, the sculpture is sits heavily at twenty-four tons. The illusion of lightness is realized through the construction of complex structural engineering that is specifically designed to be experienced through a series of partial and spatially separated views. Hence, Memory’s charm lies in its inaccessibility, preventing itself from revealing its true form. Memory is conceived as a new kind of experience as something that cannot be experienced at once but is rather understood through a series of separate, meaningful fragments. No one sees the whole thing at once as a result of the use of gallery space. Each visible segment is only seen after the viewer has experienced other unrelated elements of the museum and we are reminded that our memory in part, works in a similar fashion. The exhibit’s presentation invites us to daydream and reconstruct a mental image through the process of gestalt. In that sense, Kapoor considers the ways in which people feel and think about space, how they form attachments to their environment, and how feelings about space and place are affected by the sense of time. Memory is a critical understanding of how we are rooted to place and space. He extends his observation regarding the directionality of the different viewpoints

Who was to blame for the banking crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Who was to blame for the banking crisis - Essay Example After the Great Depression of 1930 the world economy faced a dangerous financial crisis. It all began when sky rocket property prices in the United States started decreasing and this impact soon spread all over the financial sector. The Global Financial Crisis initiated in July 2007 with the credit crunch when US investors lost confidence in the investment of mortgage property. This all compelled US investors to inject a large portion of capital into the financial market. By September 2008 the crisis got worse and hit all stock markets globally and made the market volatile. The consumers started losing confidence in properties and the stock market and were in a position of fear what could be lying ahead of them (Broman, 2012). The banking industry has seen many fiscal crises in the past, the notable one of them being the one that started in the 1930. Since then many countries have seen ups and downs when it comes to their banking industry. The most recent one of them being that in 2007; which changed the perspective of many investors and regulators. It all took one Lehman Brothers to go bankrupt for the Wall Street crisis panic to spread worldwide and affect other countries, developing or developed. The causes were smaller in person and unimportant but together, they caused huge economies to collapse and endure great loss. The reasons were as followed: On a general note, the global financial crisis began developed its roots in 2007, July, when the US investors started to lose confidence in the values of subprime mortgages, resulting in a liquidity crisis. This lead to the US federal bank adding a notable sum of capital into the financial market but nevertheless, the issue persisted such that by 2008, the stock markets around the world became seriously volatile and subsequently crashed. The Global market braced them for they feared the impending doom that approached them. Questions pertaining to the liquidity of banks, a fall in the availability of

Occupational Behaviour Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Occupational Behaviour - Assignment Example utor to why Netflix continues to outperform competition and achieve substantially-high ratings from consumers who appear satisfied with its customer service practices. Based on careful analysis of the firm, its high pay structures and autonomous working environments are missing metrics to determine whether these policies are the genuine catalyst for organisational success and performance. Some research findings have discovered that pay systems are not always effective for achieving long-run job performance and that there are risks to providing too much autonomy. Based on all research and investigation into theory of organisational behaviour and even human psychology, as well as business theory, it is recommended to implement a 360 degree feedback appraisal system at Netflix and engage in the management-by-objectives ideology. These practices will give the firm a new ability to accurately measure true job performance and determine whether there is substantial return on investment for having such liberal HR policies. In order to maintain its reputation as a world class provider of superior customer service, Netflix seeks to hire only the most talented and motivated employees. HR-related perks include generous pay packages, seemingly unlimited vacation opportunities, a reduction of work rules and policies and considerable job role autonomy in order to attract and retain these high performers. This would, theoretically, provide considerable socio-psychological benefits that make employees more committed and motivated to achieve organisational goals. However, there is a potential plethora of problems with providing employees with perks such as the aforementioned to achieve job role performance. First, the case study did not indicate that Netflix has established a metrics system that would measure performance appropriately; a method of ensuring return on investment for these HR activities. Whilst Netflix believes that this will create a culture of commitment for the

Central Giant Cell Granuloma in Eight Year Old Patient

Central Giant Cell Granuloma in Eight Year Old Patient INTRODUCTION Central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) is a benign aggressive destructive osteolytic lesion of osteoclastic origin1 that ocur in the mandible and maxilla and accounts for approximately 7% of all benign tumours of jaws2. The world health organization (WHO) has defined CGCG as an intraosseous non-neoplastic lesion, consisting of cellular fibrous tissues that contain multiple haemorrhage multinucleated giant cells, and, occasionally trabeculae of woven bone3. The nature of CGCG is still controversial. Jaffe was hypothesized that this is a reactive and self curing lesion and included the terminology giant cell reperative granuloma. Later, the neoplastic hypothesis was raised to explain the aggressive subtype4. Recently, both reperative and neoplastic assumptions are true, so that CGCG lesions are patially reactive and partially neoplastic4. CGCG is an uncommon lesion that occurs in young adults before the age of 30 years with a female preponderance5. There was a peak incidence for males between the age of 10-14 years and for females between 15-19 years of age6. It is more common in the anterior mandible than in the maxilla. Histological characteristics are highly cellular, fibroblastic stroma with plump, spindle- shaped cells with a high mitotic rate; the vascular density is high. The multinucleated giant cells are prominent throughout the fibroblastic stroma but are not necessarily abundant. They are often located most numerously around of haemorrahge6. Clinically, CGCG shows a wide variety behavior that is ranging from a non-aggressive, asymptomatic (indolent) and slow growing lesions to an aggressive, large, expansive lesion with rapid growth and aggressive sign and symptoms. Choung et al.7were the first described between the differences aggressive and non- aggressive lesions based on signs and symptoms and histological features. Aggressive lesions are characterized by one or more of the following features: pain, paresthesia, root resorption, rapid growth, cortical perforation, and a high recurrence rate after surgical curretage. Radiogically, the lesion appears as a radiolucent area and it can be unilocular or multilocular with either well-defined or can be ill-defined margins8. Multiple lesions are rare and are often associated with a syndrome (i.e. Noonansyndorme, neurofibromatosistype I ) or with cherubism6. The radiological and histological apperances of CGCG are not pathognomatic, and therefore further examination such as blood tests, including calcitonin, phosphate, parathyroid hormone and alkaline phosphate levels must be performed to confirm the diagnosis and to exclude hyperparathyroidism8. One of the treatment choice for CGCG is curratege with or without adjuvant therapy, i.e. liquid nitrogen, cryosurgery, peripheral ostectomy and Carnoy’s solution and another treatment modality is aggressive en- bloc resection, resulting in varying degrees of deformity5. It results in serious mutilation of the jaw and face. Loss of teeth and of dental germs in young patients is also often unavoidable9. In growing patients, to preserve both aesthetic and functional necessity non-surgical methods such as intralesional injections with corticosteroids, IFN-ÃŽ ± 2a and systemic dose of calcitonin are increasingly used by clinicans. These alternative therapeutic strategies come in useful for large aggressive lesions to cure or reduce the size and thus minimize the need for extensive surgical resection that can result in functional and aesthetic deficits in young patients. Calcitonin therapy for CGCG was first announced by Harris in 1993 and since then several case reports have been published of successful treatment of this lesion using different types of calcitonin and different strategies of administration5. In this report a patient is presented with massive aggressive CGCG who were treated with salmon calcitonin, as a single treatment modality, after initial treatment with intralesional steroid had failed. CASE REPORT An 8- year- old male patient complaining of a tender/ non-tender swelling on the left mandibular molar area was referred to the oral and maxillofacial surgery service at the Selcuk University, Faculty of Dentistry, in 2010. There was neither medical history nor trauma. Physical examination †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.cm, lymphadenopathy, Radiographically, in the left mandibular molar area a diffuse radiolucency†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Based on clinical and radiological findings pre-diagnosis of CGCG was made and laboratory investigations were required to eliminate hyperparathyroidism (brown tumors) before treatment. Parathyroid hormone levels were found in normal reference ranges. Additionally low level of haemoglobin and high level of creatinin and phosphate were examined. An incisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. Histologically diagnosis of the lesion was proved as CGCG. Because of the patient’s age and dental development conservative therapy was preferred. Intralesional steroid injections of a solution of Kenacort-A (10 mg/ml triamcinolone aqueous suspension, Bristol-Myers Squibb S.p.A, Loc.ta Fontana del Ceraso, Angani, Italy) were performed during 1 year but there was no resolution in the lesion. After initial steroid treatment was failed authors decided using intranasal (systemic) calcitonin treatment. Miacalcic ® 200 IU/day nasal spray (Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, New Jersey, USA) (calcitonin-salmon) was preferred and performed 2 yearlong. Luckily any side effect was seen and the patient was showed exceptionally good cooperation to treatment and. During systemic calcitonin therapy clinicians must be on the alert about some side effect such as bloating or swelling of the face, arms, hands, lower legs, or feet, chills, cough, difficulty with breathing, difficulty with swallowing, dizziness, fever, itching, joint pain, muscle aches and pains, nausea or vomiting, nervousness, puffiness or swelling of the eyelids or around the eyes, face, lips, or tongue, skin rash, sweating, tightness in the chest, tingling of the hands or feet, trembling or shaking of the legs, arms, hands or feet, trouble sleeping, unusual weight gain or loss. Following calcitonin therapy there was a decrease in tumor size that was observed clinically. Preserving the teeth and growing jaw bone for natural mastication and facial aesthetic the tumor was not decided to operate. The patient has a three- year follow up and has any clinical or radiological sign or symptoms. DISCUSSION CGCG is an uncommon lesion that occurs more frequently in females. In most cases it appears before the age of 30 years. Mandibular lesion is more often than the maxillary lesion with a ratio 2:1. In the mandible the anterior and posterior regions are equally affected while in the maxilla, the anterior region is usually affected.(ant. Mu post. Mu) The clinical behavior of CGCG ranges from a slow growing asymptomatic swelling to an aggressive lesion that presents pain, local bone destruction, root resorption or tooth displacement. Some authors have classified CGCG into two types, based on clinical and radiographic features. The first is non-aggressive CGCG, which is characterized by slow, almost asymptomatic growth that does not perforate the cortical bone or induce root resorption and has a low tendency to recur. The second is aggressive CGCG, which is characterized by pain, rapid growth, expansion, and perforation of the cortical bone, radicular resorption and high tendency to recur. Histologically, CGCG is characterized by the presence of multinucleated giant cells (MGC) in background composed of mononucleated stromal cells (MSC) with ovoid or spindle-shaped mesenchymal nuclei. The giant cells are typically seen in a hemorrhagic field containing numerous poorly defined vascular channels, which may be quite prominent. A patchy distribution of cellular elements is one feature that helps differentiate CGCG fromtrue giant cell tumors. In aggressive lesions, Ficarra et al. reported more numerous giant cells in CGCG and Nougeria et al. showed that in aggressive lesions MGCs are usually more numerous, larger and uniformly scattered throughout the lesion. Flanagan et al. were the first to demonstrate that giant cells in CGCGs are osteoclasts through osteoclast- specific monoclonal antibodies staining. This report was provide in vitro reaction of giant cells to calcitonin and showed the behavior of giant cells in cortical bone excavation typical of osteoclasts. It has been demonstrated that giant cells express calcitonin receptors. Calcitonin therapy is based on these findings. It is though those giant cells are directly inhibited in their function by calcitonin. Others, however, debate that CGCGs develop from mononuclear precursor cells and, as such, are part of the granulocyte/macrophage lineage or are primarily of fibrotic origin. Although giant cells are the most prominent histopathological feature of CGCGs, the focus of interest has shifted to the role of the mononuclear cells. Recent studies have shown that mononuclear cells, rather than the giant cells are proliferating compartment responsible for the biological activity of the lesion. de Lange et al. reported that the giant cells of CGCG are derived from subset of mononuclear phagocytes. These mononuclear precursor cells differentiate into mature giant- cells under the influence of RANKL expressing, proliferating, spindle shaped (osteoblastlike) stromal cells. Nougeria et al. designed a study to determine receptors of MGCs and find out their origin. This study showed, positive immunohistochemical expression of receptor activator of nuclear factor –kB (RANK), tartrate- resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), vitronectin receptor (VNR) and calcitonin receptor and these findings have suggested on osteoclastic phenotype for MGCs. The presence of CD68 glycoprotein and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin has suggested that MGCs have a macrophage/hystiocyte origin. In the light of these findings aim of the treatment of CGCGs should include both inhibit osteoclastic activity of the lesion and inhibit the differentiation of macrophage/ hystiocyte precursors into osteoblast like cells. Traditional treatment for CGCGs is surgical curettage. Some authors proposed excision via curettage for treatment of CGCGs and the overall recurrence rate has been reported to range from 16 % to 49 %. A higher incidence of recurrence was found in aggressive CGCG and younger patients, especially males. In growing patients, aggressive surgical approaches may result in facial deformities and patients may lose some of tooth germs. Eisenbud et al. indicate that surgical curettage with peripheral osteotomy is still not the safest treatment for CGCGs especially in aggressive lesions. The functional and aesthetic alterations as well as the psychological consequences caused by the surgical treatment of CGCG have encouraged researchers to look for effective alternative therapeutic strategies. Alternative therapeutic options for CGCGs are systemic calcitonin intralesional injection of corticosteroids and IFN-ÃŽ ±. Calcitonin has been administered as a nosespray and as subcutaneous daily injections. Recently only nosespray form is available. This hormone increases the influx of calcium into the bones, functions as an antagonist to parathyroid hormone, and inhibits osteoclastic bone resorption. Calcitonin has also been hypothesized to directly inhibit giant cells. In 1993 Harris was first reported total remission of CGCGs in 4 patients. On the contrary Kaban et al (1999) observed a significant growth following calcitonin therapy. Response of patients to calcitonin therapy is variable. Many factors can contribute to the various responses to calcitonin which have been reported in the literature. The different types of calcitonin (human, salmon) and the different types of administration (subcutaneous injections, nasal spray) are some of these factors. With regard to the efficacy of calcitonin therapy, 3 phenomena have been recognized: Primary resistance or primary non-response is noted. There is the so-called plateau phenomenon, denoting that the alkaline phosphates serum levels cannot be lowered beyond a certain point, irrespective of the calcitonin dose. The third potential problem is secondary resistance, also called the escape phenomenon. Patients who initially react well to calcitonin show a diminished reaction after some time. Increased activity of osteoclasts through loss of calcitonin receptors is the more likely explanation for this phenomenon. Intralesional corticosteroids injection for CGCGs treatment was first reported by Jacoway et al. (1988). This method hypothesized that the extracellular production of bone- resorption- mediating lysosomal proteases by giant cells in inhibited by steroids which also induce apoptosis of the osteoclast- like cells. In English literature, complete remission results from intralesional administration of corticosteroids in insufficient and the number of patients is very small. Especially, in large cases intralesional corticosteroid therapy may not be effective and may not provide of reduction in size. No reports in which the effectiveness of intralesional corticosteroid injection for CGCG is described separately for the aggressive type and non- aggressive type are available. Nougeria et al. indicated that MGCs may be similar to osteoclasts and macrophages/hystiocytes and that CGCG can be prompted to respond to calcitonin or intralesional glucocorticoid as shown in the literature. They reported the expression of glucocorticoid and calcitonin receptors in CGCG before and after treatment with intralesional injection of steroids. They concluded that glucocorticoid receptor expression in the MGCs was higher in patients with a good response. The difference in calcitonin reseptor expression was not statistically significant between the aggressive and non- aggressive lesions and between the patients with a good response and with a modatare/negative response to treatment. Although aggressive CGCG had higher calcitonin receptor expression no significant difference in calcitonin receptor expression in different clinical forms of CGCG was found in this study. The treatment response was determined using previously described scores. In which four criteria were conside red: stabilization or regression of the lesion size evaluated clinically and in follow-up radiographs; the absence of sumptoms; increased radio-opacity in radiographs, representing peripheral and/or central calcification of the lesion, increased difficulty in solution infiltrating the lesion during the sequence of applications. If a case provided all of these, the response was determined to be good; providing two or three criteria was determined to be moderate; and providing one criteria or no criteria implied a negative response to treatment. Another alternative therapeutic agent is IFN-ÃŽ ±, it has angiogenic potential and it is a mediator in differentiation from mesenchymall cells to osteoblasts thus leading to an increase in bone apposition. Similar to corticosteroids IFN-ÃŽ ± is also capable of stopping rapid growth of their lesions and reducing their size, but it still necessary to use additional surgery to eliminate the lesion. In the literature only one case report was showed complete remission with IFN-ÃŽ ± therapy. Several reports suggest that IFN-ÃŽ ± administered as a monotherapy for aggressive CGCGs is useful for inhibiting the rapid growth of lesions and for reducing their size. Total remission of lesion cannot be achieved, because IFN-ÃŽ ± has no direct inhibiting effect on proliferating tumor cells and additional surgery is probably still required to eliminate lesions. Therefore, the effectiveness of monotherapy with IFN-ÃŽ ± is still questionable. CGCG is found predominantly in young adults. Surgical treatment of these patients might have resulted in physical and psychological disorders, such as developmental disorder of the mandible, dysfunction of mastication, and facial deformities, non- surgical treatment with systemic calcitonin administration which is a minimally invasive procedure and less costly and should be considered the first choice for treatment of CGCG in young patients.

Ethical Principals for Protecting Research Participants Essay

Participating in a research study is an opportunity for people to contribute to the advancement of healthcare practice or other measures. Researchers typically collect data from a population of people that share common characteristics that make them appropriate subjects for the area being studied. In order to assure that participants are adequately protected, a set of ethical principles should be adhered to by all research facilitators. â€Å"The Belmont Report articulates three primary ethical principles on which standards of ethical conduct in research are based: beneficence, respect for human dignity, and justice† (Beck & Polit, 2006). The principle of beneficence serves to minimize harm to participants, maximize the benefits of the study, and protect the participant from any form of exploitation. â€Å"In research with humans, harm and discomfort can take many forms: they can be physical, emotional, social, or financial† (Beck & Polit, 2006). Facilitators of any research study must be conscious of this and use strategies to alleviate potential of such harm. Ethical researchers must be prepared to terminate their study if any evidence of distress on the participants is discovered. Another duty that researchers face is to protect participants from exploitation. â€Å"Involvement in a study should not place participants at a disadvantage or expose them to situations that they have not been prepared† (Beck & Polit, 2006). In summary, participants must feel secure that the information they provide will not be used against them in any fashion. The second ethical principle addressed by The Belmont Report is the respect for human dignity. Study participants have the right to self-determination, or the capability to control their own activities. This right encompasses the ability to ask questions, refuse to provide information, or even withdraw from a study without consequences. The entitlement of self-determination also includes the freedom from being coerced into participating in a study, such as an economically disadvantaged person being offered a large stipend to participate. This may be seen as placing this individual under undue pressure to participate in the study. The principle of the respect for human dignity also includes the right to full disclosure. This allows a person to make informed, voluntary decisions regarding the study they are participating in. â€Å"Full disclosure means that the researcher has fully described the nature of the study, the person’s right to refuse participation, the researcher’s responsibilities, and the likely risks and benefits that would be incurred† (Beck & Polit, 2006). The last ethical principle delivered in The Belmont Report pertains to justice. This principle ensures participants’ rights to fair treatment and the right to privacy. Justice promotes duties to neither neglect nor discriminate against individuals. â€Å"The principle of justice imposes particular obligations toward individuals who are unable to protect their own interests to ensure they are not exploited for the advancement of knowledge† (Beck & Polit, 2006). Researchers must also acknowledge the participants’ right to privacy. They must ensure that their research is minimally intrusive and the participants’ privacy is respected throughout the study. People that partake in a study should expect that any information they provide will be kept in strict confidence. There are designated procedures in place to ensure participants’ satisfaction of a study upon completion. One such task is the risk/benefit assessment. â€Å"Such an assessment is designed to determine whether the benefits of participating in a study are in line with the costs, be they financial, physical, emotional, or social† (Beck & Polit, 2006). Researchers can also offer a debriefing session after data collection is complete. This allows participants to ask questions or air complaints pertaining to the study. Researchers can demonstrate their interest in study participants by offering to share findings with them once the data has been analyzed. Lastly, facilitators should refer participants to appropriate health or psychological services as deemed necessary. Bibliography Beck, C. and Polit, D. (2006.) Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization. (6th ed.) Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams, and Wilkins.

Past Year Paper

CONFIDENTIAL BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENT300/ETR300 SEPTEMBER 2011 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of four (4) parts : PART A (20 Questions) PART B (20 Questions) PART C (5 Questions) PART D (2 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A, B, four (4) questions from PART C, and one (1) question from PART D. i) ii) iii) Answer PART A in the True/False Answer Sheet, Answer PART B in the Objective Answer Sheet.Answer PART C and PART D in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) iv) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet – provided by the Faculty a True/False Answer Sheet – provided by the Faculty an Objective Answer Sheet – provide d by the Faculty 4. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 10 printed pages Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 2 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PART A 1. An entrepreneur is described as a person who acts as agent in transforming demand into supply. The statement, â€Å"A entrepreneur is an individual who actively forms or leads his own business and nurtures it for growth and prosperity†, refers to the functional definition of an entrepreneur. In Malaysia, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute about 90% of the total value added in the manufacturing sector.The franchisee is a company which sells the right to another party to operate the franchise business. In a franchise system, the advertising and promotional contribution is a one-off payment made by the franchisee to purchase the right to operate the franchise In Malaysia, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are commonly registered as sole propri etorship businesses. The affairs of all business entities in Malaysia are governed by the Memorandum and Article of Association.In a partnership business, when there is no written agreement, termination of any partner must be agreed by all partners Under the Industrial Coordination Act (ICA) 1975, every manufacturing company is required to obtain a manufacturing license from Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA). Preparation of a business plan is a process that involves the identification, analysis and selection of viable business ideas. The executive summary is part of the main body of the business plan. A well prepared operations plan will help the entrepreneur to evaluate market acceptance of the product or service.A â€Å"process chart† refers to a diagram showing the arrangement of machines, equipment, workers and other facilities used in the operations Compilation of geographic, demographic and psychographic factors is a process of market segmentation. The t erm â€Å"target market† refers to the group of customers with needs and wants that can be satisfied by the business through the supply of goods or services. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. It is not mandatory for employers to contribute to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) as long they have contributed to the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO). Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 16. CONFIDENTIAL 3 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 17. The nature of industry is normally described in the organization aspect of the business plan. One of the main reasons for preparing a cash flow statement is to determine the expected profit for the planned period. Deposits and pre-operating expenses are examples of expenditure that are required to start a new business. The main objective of Bumiputera Entrepreneurs Retail Project Fund (PROSPER) is to enhance and upgrade Bumiputera entrepreneurs' participation in the retail business. 20 marks) 18. 19. 20.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 4 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTB 1. Which of the following activities is related to entrepreneurship? A. B. C. D. E. Creation of something new of value Creation of wealth Production of products and services Expansion of business entities All of the above 2. Who described an entrepreneur as a knowledgeable individual and is instrumental in the development of a city-state where enterprise will emerge? B. C. D. E. F. Joseph Schumpeter Adam Smith David McClelland Carl Menger Ibnu Khaldun . Which of the following statements best describes an entrepreneur who has internal locus of control? A. B. C. D. E. He believes that success or failure is determined by his own effort. He believes in himself. He does not belief that success or failure of his venture is determined by fate or luck. He desires to take personal responsibilities. He examines the situation and determine how to increase the chance of winning a business situation 4. The stat ement, â€Å"a successful entrepreneur places the highest priority on getting a job completed†, is associated with: A. B.C. D. E. Commitment to work contract Concern for high quality of work Efficiency orientation Systematic planning Problem solving 5. Which of the following phases of creativity process involves discovery of the idea or solutions to the problems? A. B. C. D. E. Background or knowledge accumulation Incubation process Idea experience Evaluation and implementation None of the above  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 5 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 6. Which of the following is a source of innovation within the company or industry? A. B. C. D. E.Demographic change Incongruities New knowledge Change in consumer preference None of the above 7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about a partnership business? A. B. C. D. A partnership business is incorporated under the Companies Act 1965. A partnership business is incorporated under the Partnership Act 1961. A partnership business is incorporated under the Business Registration Act 1956. A partnership is a legal entity and its identity is separate from the identity of its members. E. The life span of a partnership business is not dependent upon the death or resignation of its members. . Which of the following statements about a private limited company is NOT TRUE? A. A private limited company can take legal action and face legal action under its own name. B. The life span of a private limited company depends upon the death or resignation of its members. C. The liabilities of the members in a private limited company are limited to the total shares contributed to the company's capital. D. A private limited company must have at least two members who are of Malaysian Nationalities. E. The company's shares cannot be transacted through the share market. 9.Which of the following statements is TRUE about a franchise business? A. A franchise is a product and/or service distribution system governed by a contract made between two parties i. e. the franchisor and the franchisee B. A product/trade name franchise is a system where the franchisee acquires sales right which includes the trade name, trademark, and/or products from the franchisor upon the signing of the dealership contract. C. A business format franchise is a system where the franchisee is granted the right to manufacture and market the franchisor's product and/or services using a complete franchisor's business â€Å"set-up†.D. The franchisee is a person who purchases the right from the franchisee to operate the franchise. E. All of the above are true. 10. Which of the entrepreneurs? A. B. C. D. E. following ministries/agencies provides financial assistance for Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) Malaysian External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE) Malaysian Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC) Perbadanan Usahawan Nasional Berhad (PUNB). Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA) CONFIDENTIAL  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 6 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. Construction of buildings can only be undertaken with the written approval from Local Authority. B. In setting up a manufacturing business, a planning permission from Local Authority is needed. C. All business licences related to factory premises, advertising signage, storage and canteen must be obtained from Local Authority. D. The environmental control and approval are under the responsibility of Local Authority. E. All of the above are not true. 12. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a business plan? A.A business plan is a written document that describes the proposed business or project in a comprehensive manner. B. A business plan can be used as a basis for determining the viability of the new business. C. A business plan can be used as a communication tool to convince potential investor s of the viability of the new venture. D. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to distribute business resources more effectively. E. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to evaluate and select a viable business idea. 13. Readers of a business plan include: I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. E.Employees Investors Suppliers Registrar of Companies II only II and III only I, II and III only I, II, and IV only All of the above 14. Which of the following is an objective of preparing a marketing plan? A. B. C. D. E. To evaluate market acceptance To develop marketing strategies for products or services offered by the business. To identify required resources to execute the marketing strategy. To estimate financial requirements for the marketing activities. All of the above are objectives of preparing a marketing plan.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 7 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 5. The following factors should be considered when determining distribution stra tegy, EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. Type of product Target market Market share Market coverage. Product standardization 16. Which of the following information should be included in the â€Å"organization† aspect of the business plan? A. Background of the registered owners of the business including their relevant qualifications, skills, experiences, role in business and stake or share in the business. B. Mission statements which describe how entrepreneurs will achieve their purposes in the environments in which they conduct business.C. Nature of the industry, including economic trends, important legal or regulatory issues, and potential risks. D. Product characteristics, distribution, promotion, and pricing strategies. E. Amount of funds needed to run the business, amount available, and amount requested from new sources. 17. Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing suppliers for raw materials? A. B. C. D. E. Quality of the materials supplied Price and discoun t offered Payment and delivery terms Time between orders and delivery All of the above factors should be considered 18.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a process chart? A. Symbols used in the process chart can also be used in a Job Activity Chart of a worker. B. Process Chart will show the sequence of activities required to produce the product or services. C. In a process chart, â€Å"delay† means the process is delayed because the materials-inprocess are waiting for the next activity. D. The symbol † V † indicates the movement of materials or goods from one place to another. E. The first step in preparing a process chart is to identify all the activities involved to manufacture the product or deliver the services. Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 8 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 19. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Sources of finance refers to the sources where funds to finance a particular project implementa tion costs can be obtained. B. Internal sources of finance mainly come in the form of cash contributions or other assets from the entrepreneurs. C. External sources of finance are mainly derived from commercial banks, finance companies and government agencies. D. External sources of finance may come in the form of term loans, hire purchase or grants. E. All of the above are true. 0. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Pro forma income statement refers to the projected statement of cash inflow and outflow throughout the planned period. B. Pro forma income statement shows the expected profit or loss for the planned period. C. Pro forma income statement shows the financial position of the business at a specific point in time in terms of assets owned and how those assets are financed. D. Pro forma income statement shows the beginning and ending cash balances for a particular period. E. All of the above are true. (40 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL C ONFIDENTIAL 9 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTC QUESTION 1 Briefly explain five (5) of the personal entrepreneurial competencies (PEC) associated with successful entrepreneurs. (5 marks) QUESTION 2 What are the criteria used to evaluate and select viable entrepreneurial opportunities? (5 marks) QUESTION 3 What are the factors that you need to consider when choosing a location for your business? (5 marks) QUESTION 4 In preparing the organization plan, it is important include the organization structure of the business organization. Briefly explain the various types of organizational structure. 5 marks) QUESTION 5 Briefly discuss the importance of preparing financial plan. (5 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 10 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTD QUESTION 1 Define the term â€Å"entrepreneurial motivation†. Discuss, with examples, five (5) common characteristics of achievement-oriented entrepreneurs. (20 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain the importance of materials requirement planning. Describe the steps involved in materials requirement planning process. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL Past Year Paper CONFIDENTIAL BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME FUNDAMENTALS OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENT300/ETR300 SEPTEMBER 2011 3 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. This question paper consists of four (4) parts : PART A (20 Questions) PART B (20 Questions) PART C (5 Questions) PART D (2 Questions) 2. Answer ALL questions from PART A, B, four (4) questions from PART C, and one (1) question from PART D. i) ii) iii) Answer PART A in the True/False Answer Sheet, Answer PART B in the Objective Answer Sheet.Answer PART C and PART D in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. 3. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) iii) iv) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet – provided by the Faculty a True/False Answer Sheet – provided by the Faculty an Objective Answer Sheet – provide d by the Faculty 4. DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO This examination paper consists of 10 printed pages Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 2 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PART A 1. An entrepreneur is described as a person who acts as agent in transforming demand into supply. The statement, â€Å"A entrepreneur is an individual who actively forms or leads his own business and nurtures it for growth and prosperity†, refers to the functional definition of an entrepreneur. In Malaysia, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) contribute about 90% of the total value added in the manufacturing sector.The franchisee is a company which sells the right to another party to operate the franchise business. In a franchise system, the advertising and promotional contribution is a one-off payment made by the franchisee to purchase the right to operate the franchise In Malaysia, the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) are commonly registered as sole propri etorship businesses. The affairs of all business entities in Malaysia are governed by the Memorandum and Article of Association.In a partnership business, when there is no written agreement, termination of any partner must be agreed by all partners Under the Industrial Coordination Act (ICA) 1975, every manufacturing company is required to obtain a manufacturing license from Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA). Preparation of a business plan is a process that involves the identification, analysis and selection of viable business ideas. The executive summary is part of the main body of the business plan. A well prepared operations plan will help the entrepreneur to evaluate market acceptance of the product or service.A â€Å"process chart† refers to a diagram showing the arrangement of machines, equipment, workers and other facilities used in the operations Compilation of geographic, demographic and psychographic factors is a process of market segmentation. The t erm â€Å"target market† refers to the group of customers with needs and wants that can be satisfied by the business through the supply of goods or services. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. It is not mandatory for employers to contribute to the Employees Provident Fund (EPF) as long they have contributed to the Social Security Organisation (SOCSO). Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 16. CONFIDENTIAL 3 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 17. The nature of industry is normally described in the organization aspect of the business plan. One of the main reasons for preparing a cash flow statement is to determine the expected profit for the planned period. Deposits and pre-operating expenses are examples of expenditure that are required to start a new business. The main objective of Bumiputera Entrepreneurs Retail Project Fund (PROSPER) is to enhance and upgrade Bumiputera entrepreneurs' participation in the retail business. 20 marks) 18. 19. 20.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 4 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTB 1. Which of the following activities is related to entrepreneurship? A. B. C. D. E. Creation of something new of value Creation of wealth Production of products and services Expansion of business entities All of the above 2. Who described an entrepreneur as a knowledgeable individual and is instrumental in the development of a city-state where enterprise will emerge? B. C. D. E. F. Joseph Schumpeter Adam Smith David McClelland Carl Menger Ibnu Khaldun . Which of the following statements best describes an entrepreneur who has internal locus of control? A. B. C. D. E. He believes that success or failure is determined by his own effort. He believes in himself. He does not belief that success or failure of his venture is determined by fate or luck. He desires to take personal responsibilities. He examines the situation and determine how to increase the chance of winning a business situation 4. The stat ement, â€Å"a successful entrepreneur places the highest priority on getting a job completed†, is associated with: A. B.C. D. E. Commitment to work contract Concern for high quality of work Efficiency orientation Systematic planning Problem solving 5. Which of the following phases of creativity process involves discovery of the idea or solutions to the problems? A. B. C. D. E. Background or knowledge accumulation Incubation process Idea experience Evaluation and implementation None of the above  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 5 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 6. Which of the following is a source of innovation within the company or industry? A. B. C. D. E.Demographic change Incongruities New knowledge Change in consumer preference None of the above 7. Which of the following statements is TRUE about a partnership business? A. B. C. D. A partnership business is incorporated under the Companies Act 1965. A partnership business is incorporated under the Partnership Act 1961. A partnership business is incorporated under the Business Registration Act 1956. A partnership is a legal entity and its identity is separate from the identity of its members. E. The life span of a partnership business is not dependent upon the death or resignation of its members. . Which of the following statements about a private limited company is NOT TRUE? A. A private limited company can take legal action and face legal action under its own name. B. The life span of a private limited company depends upon the death or resignation of its members. C. The liabilities of the members in a private limited company are limited to the total shares contributed to the company's capital. D. A private limited company must have at least two members who are of Malaysian Nationalities. E. The company's shares cannot be transacted through the share market. 9.Which of the following statements is TRUE about a franchise business? A. A franchise is a product and/or service distribution system governed by a contract made between two parties i. e. the franchisor and the franchisee B. A product/trade name franchise is a system where the franchisee acquires sales right which includes the trade name, trademark, and/or products from the franchisor upon the signing of the dealership contract. C. A business format franchise is a system where the franchisee is granted the right to manufacture and market the franchisor's product and/or services using a complete franchisor's business â€Å"set-up†.D. The franchisee is a person who purchases the right from the franchisee to operate the franchise. E. All of the above are true. 10. Which of the entrepreneurs? A. B. C. D. E. following ministries/agencies provides financial assistance for Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA) Malaysian External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE) Malaysian Entrepreneurship Development Centre (MEDEC) Perbadanan Usahawan Nasional Berhad (PUNB). Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA) CONFIDENTIAL  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL 6 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 1. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE? A. Construction of buildings can only be undertaken with the written approval from Local Authority. B. In setting up a manufacturing business, a planning permission from Local Authority is needed. C. All business licences related to factory premises, advertising signage, storage and canteen must be obtained from Local Authority. D. The environmental control and approval are under the responsibility of Local Authority. E. All of the above are not true. 12. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a business plan? A.A business plan is a written document that describes the proposed business or project in a comprehensive manner. B. A business plan can be used as a basis for determining the viability of the new business. C. A business plan can be used as a communication tool to convince potential investor s of the viability of the new venture. D. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to distribute business resources more effectively. E. A business plan enables the entrepreneur to evaluate and select a viable business idea. 13. Readers of a business plan include: I. II. III. IV. A. B. C. D. E.Employees Investors Suppliers Registrar of Companies II only II and III only I, II and III only I, II, and IV only All of the above 14. Which of the following is an objective of preparing a marketing plan? A. B. C. D. E. To evaluate market acceptance To develop marketing strategies for products or services offered by the business. To identify required resources to execute the marketing strategy. To estimate financial requirements for the marketing activities. All of the above are objectives of preparing a marketing plan.  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 7 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 5. The following factors should be considered when determining distribution stra tegy, EXCEPT: A. B. C. D. E. Type of product Target market Market share Market coverage. Product standardization 16. Which of the following information should be included in the â€Å"organization† aspect of the business plan? A. Background of the registered owners of the business including their relevant qualifications, skills, experiences, role in business and stake or share in the business. B. Mission statements which describe how entrepreneurs will achieve their purposes in the environments in which they conduct business.C. Nature of the industry, including economic trends, important legal or regulatory issues, and potential risks. D. Product characteristics, distribution, promotion, and pricing strategies. E. Amount of funds needed to run the business, amount available, and amount requested from new sources. 17. Which of the following factors should be considered when choosing suppliers for raw materials? A. B. C. D. E. Quality of the materials supplied Price and discoun t offered Payment and delivery terms Time between orders and delivery All of the above factors should be considered 18.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE about a process chart? A. Symbols used in the process chart can also be used in a Job Activity Chart of a worker. B. Process Chart will show the sequence of activities required to produce the product or services. C. In a process chart, â€Å"delay† means the process is delayed because the materials-inprocess are waiting for the next activity. D. The symbol † V † indicates the movement of materials or goods from one place to another. E. The first step in preparing a process chart is to identify all the activities involved to manufacture the product or deliver the services. Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 8 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 19. Which of the following statement is TRUE? A. Sources of finance refers to the sources where funds to finance a particular project implementa tion costs can be obtained. B. Internal sources of finance mainly come in the form of cash contributions or other assets from the entrepreneurs. C. External sources of finance are mainly derived from commercial banks, finance companies and government agencies. D. External sources of finance may come in the form of term loans, hire purchase or grants. E. All of the above are true. 0. Which of the following statements is TRUE? A. Pro forma income statement refers to the projected statement of cash inflow and outflow throughout the planned period. B. Pro forma income statement shows the expected profit or loss for the planned period. C. Pro forma income statement shows the financial position of the business at a specific point in time in terms of assets owned and how those assets are financed. D. Pro forma income statement shows the beginning and ending cash balances for a particular period. E. All of the above are true. (40 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARACONFIDENTIAL C ONFIDENTIAL 9 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTC QUESTION 1 Briefly explain five (5) of the personal entrepreneurial competencies (PEC) associated with successful entrepreneurs. (5 marks) QUESTION 2 What are the criteria used to evaluate and select viable entrepreneurial opportunities? (5 marks) QUESTION 3 What are the factors that you need to consider when choosing a location for your business? (5 marks) QUESTION 4 In preparing the organization plan, it is important include the organization structure of the business organization. Briefly explain the various types of organizational structure. 5 marks) QUESTION 5 Briefly discuss the importance of preparing financial plan. (5 marks)  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL CONFIDENTIAL 10 BM/SEP 2011/ENT300/ETR300 PARTD QUESTION 1 Define the term â€Å"entrepreneurial motivation†. Discuss, with examples, five (5) common characteristics of achievement-oriented entrepreneurs. (20 marks) QUESTION 2 Explain the importance of materials requirement planning. Describe the steps involved in materials requirement planning process. (20 marks) END OF QUESTION PAPER  © Hak Cipta Universiti Teknologi MARA CONFIDENTIAL

The eNotes Blog Reading Round-Up May

Reading Round-Up May We asked everyone in the office to talk about their favorite books from last month. Take a look at our favorite reads from May, and let us know in the comments which books you’ll be adding to your to-read list. From graphic novels to fantasy, there’s something for everyone here! The Book Thief by Markus Zusak Page count: 552 Genre: Historical Fiction Publish date: 2006 I started off the month with this delightful, impactful, and downright beautiful read. I started it the way I start most books- that is to say, I went in without a clue about the plot simply because I heard the book is good- and fell in love with Zusak’s word craft and creative narrative style. The Book Thief is narrated by Death himself, but it is done so in a tactful, poetic, and very much not-creepy way. He tells the story of a young German girl and her family during World War II. Unlike other Holocaust stories I’ve read, the novel focuses on a non-Jewish family. Growing up and learning about World War II, it’s hard not to get desensitized to the topic. Zusak made it real again by showing us a glimpse of the daily lives of an everyday family just trying to do the right thing. The Book Thief is a haunting, yet touching, tale that everyone needs to read at least once. - Kate, Marketing Coordinator Equal Rites by Terry Pratchett Page count: 228 Genre: Fantasy Publish date: 2005 Thanks to Sam’s thoughtful recommendation, this month I read Equal Rites by Terry Pratchett. In a world named â€Å"Bad Ass,† wizards can only be men and witches can only be women- that is, until Eskarina Smith comes along. Nine-year-old Esk breaks the stereotypes on her journey to becoming the world’s first female wizard. With the help of her strong-willed, sassy grandmother, Granny Weatherwax, Esk embarks on a fantastical adventure to seek her destiny. Terry Pratchett crafts a hilarious, charming narrative that rings with relevance over thirty years after its original publication. I highly recommend this read to anyone looking to escape our current reality and indulge in a magical universe where feminine power rules. Plus, if your reading experience is anything like mine, you’ll adopt Granny Weatherwax as your bossy new muse. Shed be a witch and a wizard, too. And she would show them. - Savannah, Social Media Manager Naked by David Sedaris Page count: 304 Genre: Humor; Memoir Publish date: 1998 If you, too, are also a student in the throes of midterms and finals, I would highly recommend reading one (or more) of David Sedariss collections of short stories. They are a dose of positivity for me, perfect for a quick read between classes, during breaks from homework, or during commutes on the bus. If youre a fan of audio books, Sedaris’s voice adds to his distinctive comic style. His specialty- stories about family dynamics and idiosyncrasies- can give readers a comedic perspective on their own family dramas. Im a fan of short story collections, but even if youre not a regular short story reader, Naked is a good place to start. - Sophie, Editorial Intern â€Å"Liking What You See: A Documentary† by Ted Chiang Page count: 20 Genre: Science Fiction; Short Story Publish date: 2010 This month I read a sci-fi short story by Ted Chiang called â€Å"Liking What You See: A Documentary.† The story is formatted as the transcript of a documentary in which people are interviewed about an operation that prevents people from being able to perceive attractiveness. Essentially, those who get the operation are able to see everything as usual- except for physical beauty or its lack. The story follows a campaign at a university that tries to make this operation a requirement for all students. I found this story to be quite thought-provoking and entertaining to read. Considering a world without discrimination based on appearance is a fascinating concept, and I enjoyed reading about a society in which conventional beauty may no longer play a role in our interactions with one another. Chiang’s writing is fun and very readable, and he does a wonderful job of writing about this concept from multiple perspectives. - Mary, Editorial Intern Monstrous Regiment by Terry Pratchett Page count: 496 Genre: Fantasy Publish date: 2003 That’s the trouble about the good guys and the bad guys! They’re all guys! Since I’ve been on a Terry Pratchett kick lately, my good friend lent me his favorite Pratchett novel, Monstrous Regiment. (Elegant and impressive choice, by the way, Jeff!) Monstrous Regiment is set in Pratchetts renowned Discworld, but the book itself is a stand-alone read- and a great initial foray for anyone new to this fantasy realm. Unfortunately, it’s pretty hard to write much of anything about this book without giving away serious spoilers, but if you enjoy books about gender and identity colliding with the topics of war, tradition, and religion- or, even, if you’re just a fan of the Disney movie Mulan- you’ll love this read. This endearing satire is one Im sure to revisit many, many times with half an onion and a pair of socks (just in case) in tow. - Sam, Marketing Manager The Letters of Vita Sackville-West to Virginia Woolf edited by Louise De Salvo and Mitchell Leaska Page count: 480 Genre: Nonfiction Publish date: 2004 This May, I read The Letters of Vita Sackville-West to Virginia Woolf, compiled and edited by Louise De Salvo and Mitchell Leaska. Going in, I knew only that Woolf and Sackville-West were lovers and that Sackville-West was the inspiration for Woolf’s novel Orlando, which features a gender-traversing protagonist. By the end, I was enraptured by the passionate, witty, and complicated love between these two brilliant women. Their letters, spanning nineteen years, are a mixture of poetic musings, society gossip, grand declarations of love, petty arguments, and day-to-day concerns. However, some of the most iconic and memorable exchanges stem from atheir mutual longing to simply spend more time together: I am reduced to a thing that wants Virginia. I composed a beautiful letter to you in the sleepless nightmare hours of the night, and it has all gone: I just miss you, in a quite simple desperate human way. –Vita Sackville-West, 1926 Look here Vita- throw over your man and I’ll tell you all the things I have in my head, millions, myriads- They won’t stir by day, only by dark on the river. Think of that. Throw over your man, I say, and come. –Virginia Woolf, 1927 - Marissa, Editorial Intern Meditations by Marcus Aurelius Page count: 303 Genre: Philosophy Publish date: 2006 Ive spent this May slowly reading through Meditations by Marcus Aurelius, in Gregory Hays’s 2002 translation. Many consider Meditations a source of Stoic wisdom and one of the most profound works of ethical reflection ever written. And its this latter part that most intrigues me; Im drawn to Marcus as a flawed human, writing down thoughts to himself as a way of processing his philosophy and struggling with his convictions. The best parts of Meditations are the passages in which he concerns himself with doing what is good, with doing what Nature- with that capital N- requires. Perhaps the most appealing parts of this book are how similar Marcuss concerns are to my own- even though were separated by nearly two thousand years. This is definitely a text Ill revisit more than once. - Wes, Project Manager My Brother’s Husband by Gengoroh Tagame Page count: 352 Genre: Graphic Novel; Manga Publish date: 2017 This month, on a recommendation from our local bookstore, the Elliott Bay Book Company, I started reading Gengoroh Tagame’s manga masterpiece My Brother’s Husband. Published in two omnibus editions, it’s the story of a single Japanese dad, named Yaichi, who receives a visit from Mike, the widowed husband of Yaichi’s estranged gay twin. While he initially invites Mike into his home with plenty of trepidation, Yaichi soon finds his ideas about sexual identity, family, and Japanese versus Western traditions expanding in the presence of this kindly Canadian in cargo shorts. Yaichi’s acceptance of Mike is helped along by his young daughter, Kana, who loves Mike instantly and only needs the briefest of explanations to understand that- at least where Mike comes from- boys can marry each other. (Learning that in Canada you can order tempura sushi comes as more of a shock!) I love the sweetness of this story and as well as the way Tagame doesn’t shy a way from exploring the painful moments that can arise when people look deeply into their own unexamined prejudices. In all, My Brother’s Husband is a feel-good read with a refreshingly calm pace; clean, expressive lines; and a moving degree of vulnerability in its characters. And while much of queer life remains under wraps in Japan (and for many in the US, too), Tagame’s manga- and its receipt of both American and Japanese literary awards- shows that things are slowly but surely changing for the better. - Jules, Editor

College Admission Essay

College Admission Essay College Admission Essay Whilewriting admission essay, you should understand that the admission committee wants you to show your writing skills of a college level. It means that you should write in a good English language and be able to use it to persuade the reader. They're not interested in your vocabulary skills, so don't use unusual words. Use the words the meaning of which you understand. They want to see that you understand sentence and paragraph structure and can write a narrative essay from scratch. Admission officers want to see that you know what a narrative essay is. If you don't know what it is, a narrative essay is simply a story which should tell the admissions officer. Your college admission essay should be brief, logical and have a persuasive conclusion. Your admission essay should sound as if you are telling a story. It should be original and bring interesting ideas. Admission essay should be written in a voice that is your own, which means it can have its own syntax and structure. You have the opportunity to express yourself through admission essay writing. Give the admission officer a chance to understand who you are rather than repeat what has been seen in other applications. Of course, every admission officer has his own viewpoint about good college admission essay. However, nobody can argue that excellent grammar, good structure, clarity, and honesty are not the features of the good admission essay. So, if you can reach these main features, your chances to be admitted significantly increase. Read also: Admission Essay Topics You, as college applicant, expected to write an admission essay from scratch. You need to give an answer to the specific question. For example, if your admission essay has to cover your life priorities, make sure to write admission essay only about life priorities, not about experiences from childhood. Write about something you have done, the admissions officers don't want to read about your plans to save the planet from global warming. They want to know your achievements, how you spent last two years and what the most important thing from your perspective. If you are choosing a topic, we can't say which one is good or bad, but be sure the topic about your drug usage or sex life won't impress admission officers. They appreciate humor, but if you're not funny in person, you shouldn't try to be so on paper. In any case, you should have someone else read your essay. It is a good idea to give your admission essay to a teacher or ask professional editor for assistance. Admission Essay Writing Service Admission essay does not have to be perfect, however, it has to be attention getting and impressive. If you are not sure in your ability to achieve these objectives and produce admission essay of premium quality, you are welcome to request professional admission essay writing help at .com. We are attentive to your needs and provide only custom written admission essay! Interesting topics: Pay For Essay Essay Company Lord of the Flies Essay Police Performance Term Paper Little Prince Reaction Paper

Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor - Essay Example Glial Derived Neurotrophic Factor (GDNF) is a naturally occurring protein found in the brain and there is evidence that GDNF is necessary for normal neuromuscular development and survival. In 1994 Amgen Inc. acquired the patent for synthetic GDNF. After a series of animal trials and pre-clinical trials, Phase-I trials began in 2001-2002 in the UK and at the University of Kentucky. These trials showed significant improvement for the participants and researchers at Bristol UK remarked, "Within a couple of months, patients were noticing dramatic improvements in their ability to move". Similar results were reported from the Kentucky trials, which noted, "...there appeared to be bilateral improvements, including improved postural stability [...] evidence of improved affect and fine motor control and speed". GDNF appeared to be a promising breakthrough. Based on the previous favorable results, Amgen initiated Phase-II trials involving 34 patients in 2003. However, by 2004 GDNF had been shown to cause brain lesions in primate tests and Amgen immediately halted the testing. It was noted by researchers that the primates had been given a dose 10 times that of the human participants and there was overwhelming evidence that the lesions were caused by the sudden withdrawal of GDNF.

The effect of Emotional Intelligence in Nursing performance and stress Essay

The effect of Emotional Intelligence in Nursing performance and stress levels - Essay Example During the last decade, researches have flourished to define, measure, and differentiate emotional intelligence from other types of intelligence, and examined its value and its relation with other variables, such as behaviors, characteristic, processes, and outcome. Emotional intelligence was also used in the field of psychology, education, business, leadership, and recently health care and nursing. In nursing, the emotional intelligence is a topic of keen interest in these few years (Quoidbach and Hansenne, 2009). Several claims are reported noting that emotional intelligence does not only play a significant role in nursing but also in other areas, such as, managing emotions, regulating relationships, facilitating decision making and communication, empowering leadership, and as a guide to success and perfection. In contrast, there are some critiques that condemn emotional intelligence for being vague, poorly defined, immeasurable, and over magnified (Smith et al., 2009). Aim of the Paper The aim of this paper is to critically review the literature of emotional intelligence and its effect on improving nursing performance at individual and team levels in addition to reducing stress, burnout and health complains. The possibility and the degree of enhancing emotional intelligence, and its applicability in real life will be discussed in this paper. The Emotional Intelligence concept has been born in literature by Salovey and Mayer in 1990, who defined it as an ability to inspect, perceive, manage and employ emotions of self and others in order to achieve success. As a result of this concept, Salovey and Mayer (1990) created a model known as The Ability Model. Although emotional intelligence became scientifically noticed within the academic field, it had only bore limited publicity during that time. Not until the publication of an emotional intelligence book by Goleman in 1995 when it gained its popularity. Goleman's emotional intelligence model called Mixed or Perf ormance Model, is the most popular model, which merges personality traits and emotional domains, and pay attention to performance outcomes. Several emotional intelligence models and tools have emerged thereafter; however, even though these models have used different wordings, the four common domains were still shared by most of these models. These domains include self-awareness, social awareness, self-management, and relationship management. The emotional intelligence tools from the aforementioned models varied according to its way of defining, understanding emotional intelligence and the model it’s derived from, but at the end, most of these tools have common purpose which is to measure emotional intelligence with different validity and reliability (Beauvais et al., 2010, Landa et al., 2007, Kooker et al., 2007, and Smith et al., 2009). Search Strategy To begin with, broad scope search was done via several databases and search engine, such as the Emerald, Wiley, Ovid, and Go ogle scholar, but most of the papers were found on Science direct. At first, the results were as many as 33,318 using emotional intelligence as the key word; nevertheless, the result starts to drop gradually from 10,678 to 79 papers after using more specific key words such as emotional intelligence and performance, emotional intelligence and team, emotional intelli