Jackie Robinson Essay -- essays research papers fc

Jackie Robinson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jackie Robinson and integration are two phrases that cannot be segregated. Whether he liked it or not, he played the star role in the integration of society during the time that he played Major League Baseball with the Brooklyn Dodgers. His heroic journey that landed him in the Majors shows, “how integration has come to baseball and how it can be achieved in every corner of the land'; (Robinson 16). But this amazing triumph over the Jim Crow laws could only have been possible in New York as Robinson says, “Cooperstown, New York, and Birmingham, Alabama, are both in the Unites States. In Cooperstown I had been the guest of honor in the company of three other new Hall of Famers: Bill McKechnie, Edd Roush and Bob Feller. In Birmingham I was ‘that negrah who pokes his nose into other peoples’ puddin’'; (14).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jackie Robinson was born in Cairo, Georgia on January 31, 1919 and was raised by his mother in Pasadena, California. He attended UCLA, where he was a baseball, basketball, football and track star. He played semi-professional football for a short time in an integrated league with the Honolulu Bears before being drafted into the army. He was honorably discharged in 1945 with the rank of second lieutenant. Robinson then started to play in the Negro National League and was eventually seen by a scout for the Brooklyn Dodgers. The scout brought Robinson to the attention of team president Branch Rickey, who wanted to try out his “noble experiment'; of integrating the Major League. The Major League was closed to black players at the time because no owners would sign a black man to their teams. Even a year after Robinson’s historic signing, the owners of the teams voted 15 to 1 (with Rickey dissenting) against integrating the league (Rampersad 160). Jackie Robi nson, however, did sign a contract with the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1945 and debuted in the Majors in April of 1947. He was only paid the league minimum of $5,000 a year.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although Jackie was finally signed with a Major League team, the discrimination didn’t stop cold turkey and couldn’t in some ways. It just wasn’t realistically possible. For instance, Branch Rickey moved spring training for the Jim Crow Sout... ... him because he was a just superb baseball player.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York is where it all starts. It is a city of diversity, new ideas, and radical thought. Is New York the center of the universe? It just might be. Integration of Major League Baseball, and by extension the whole American social culture, started here. “Integration in baseball has already proved that all Americans can live together in peaceful competition'; (Robinson 11). The “noble experiment'; of Branch Rickey obviously worked, probably even beyond his wildest dreams. Thank you Mr. Rickey and Mr. Robinson, from us all. Works Cited 1. Rampersad, Arnold. Jackie Robinson. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1997. 2. Robinson, Jackie. I Never Had It Made. As told to Alfred Duckett. New York: Putnam, 1972. 3. Robinson, Jackie. Baseball Has Done It. Ed. Charles Dexter. Philadelphia and New York: J. B. Lippincott, 1964. 4. Robinson, Rachel, and Lee Daniels. Jackie Robinson, An Intimate Portrait. Ed. Sharon AvRutick. New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1996. 5. Tygiel, Jules. Baseball’s Great Experiment, Jackie Robinson and His Legacy. New   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  York: Oxford, 1997.

Porsche Swot Essay

Strengths One of the company’s strength is the simplicity of their product. Each year Porsche’s sports cars look similar to the previous year with slight modifications that separate them and make them better. With this car, the company’s image is of luxury, high quality, and style that do not change drastically from year to year so that costumers will always know what they are getting and never be disappointed. They only have 7 different types of cars, 2 SUVs, 4 sports car styles, and a luxury sedan. Another strength is how they are so close to Volkswagen. Volkswagen now owns them but this solidifies their existence because VW is such a big company that it will never let Porsche go belly up even through toughest of times. They also have been around for a very long time and have a very recognizable name across the world. Porsche also has a very strong influence and presence in the motor racing world. In fact, almost all cars that Porsche built are basically purpose-built ra cing machines. They have been victorious in almost all races they took part since the very beginning, especially in the Le Mans 24-hour races. Also the model called 911 is the only car that has been on sale for the past 4 decades and more. It may be a slow evolution of the model, but that is exactly what makes it a timeless machine, perfected in every minute detail with each generation. Porsche loyalists love and respect the brands purity in design, and unique character. This can be clearly seen with the slow and steady evolution of the 911 from the very beginning Overall Porsche’s strengths include strong brand image, high quality products for comparatively low prices, advanced technology, brands history and sports car recognition. Weaknesses The biggest weakness of Porsche is that it’s strictly a luxury car company. Since they are strictly a luxury car manufacturers they do not sell that many cars compared to companies like Ford, Toyota and Honda. This is still not that big of a weakness compared to other groups because of the fact that they have the highest profit per unit sold of any car company in the world. Overall though Porsche’s weaknesses include, premium only gas, price sensitivity, sensitive to the world economy (victim of financial crisis 2008), small compared to other car companies, and pollution-environmental issues.

Total quality management

Total quality management The UK Retail Industry: A Case of TQM at Tesco Supermarket Origin and development of TQM Provision of high quality services is at the top of the agenda of any form of senior management. Quality is used as a strategic weapon that companies use to compete within the current markets (Heckl, et al., 2010). Quality pleases the consumers who are the most influential people for any business whether in the service sector or the manufacturing sector. Therefore, for a company to have the advantage over other rival companies, it has to identify and develop quality of its products and services and specifically compete on this dimension. When companies are able to produce goods and services of a high quality, they not only please the consumers but also put themselves in a position where they achieve internal effectiveness and reduce their cost of operation. Using the techniques of total quality management, several companies in the UK service sector have been able to achieve success (Yasin, et al., 2009). The philosophy of total quality management began as a result of dramatic changes in the business environment. The philosophy itself began in the early eighties when the global economy experienced a recession similar to the recent one in 2008 (Yasin, et al., 2009). Several companies experienced this changes which were characterized mainly by factors such as low cost of competition, globalization, rapid technology transfer, and increased consciousness of quality by the consumers. The recession affecting several national economies as well as the global economy; as a result development of policies on quality could easily be blocked (Yasin, et al., 2009). But, companies that consider quality of the product and services they give to consumers can use the idea as a way of being competitive in the market. There are several techniques for quality management that have been used to achieve quality of products and services, but, the most effective technique has been total quality management (TQ M) (Wessel Burcher, 2010). Total Quality Management in the UK retail industry It is hard for a company that intends to compete effectively to ignore the use of total quality management. Based on empirical evidence, the technique of total quality management has proven to have a significant effect on the general output or result of a company. It is for this reason that business should not fail to ignore implementing policies of total quality management. Hence, total quality management can be defined as a means of seeking excellence in all functions of business in order to prevent possibilities of errors or mistakes and to create optimal customer satisfaction. The customer satisfaction is achieved when the output is free of errors and it is only through efficiency and effectiveness that defects can be prevented (Heckl, et al., 2010). Depending on the whether a firm is one the service industry or the manufacturing industry, the techniques for total quality management will vary. The most common characteristics that cause this difference is the fact that in the service industry, the product is intangible compared to manufacturing of tangible goods (Wessel Burcher, 2010). The manufacturing industry was the first to experience success in the application of total quality management techniques. Because of this of this success, TQM techniques had to be made to fit into the service industry. The financial industry is in the service industry and supermarkets and financial investment firms belong to this industry (Yasin, et al., 2009). In as much as its resources, time and system are used for cash and asset management, the supermarket has also devoted all its resource in management of its customers as well as its services (Heckl, et al., 2010). Unlike most supermarkets, the system is designed to satisfy the customers and not to control any of the clients. In the old traditional retail systems, every product set up focuses mainly on the convenience of the supermarkets rather than the convenience of the customers. Several large supermarkets may have more than one vice president whose responsibility is focused on the asset management and guarding of the company’s assets (Yasin, et al., 2009). However, it is a common this to also find that lack of a vice president whose responsibility focuses on customer relation management. For the rare cases where a supermarket can focus its resources on customer relationship management much priority is usually not given on CRM (Yasin, et al., 2009). The customers usually hold the lifeline of any business irrespective of the sector it deals with. It does not matter whether the business is in the service industry of manufacturing industry. Customers would always seek for quality in order to be satisfied. When it comes to the service industry, customers undoubtedly become sensitive to quality of service compared to the manufacturing industry (Yasin, et al., 2009). The reason is because of the fact that interaction between customers and the companies occurs with frontline representatives of the company (Yasin, et al., 2009). The use of TQM techniques by Tesco to improve efficiency and effectiveness Tesco is one of the most successful retain supermarket chains in the UK. This is because of its service and product quality. Tesco was started as a retail company in 1920s and since then it has expanded and grown to become among the world largest companies in the retail industry. In terms of the revenue base, the company comes second after Wal-Mart which is a US based company (Ciaran Wall, 2011). Ever since it began, Tesco has continued to introduce new products and services to satisfy the needs of its customers. Currently it mainly deals with production and sales of food items, groceries, cloths, and electronics among other items. In addition the company also deals in sales of houses, internet services, financial and insurance services. These are among its latest business ventures (Ciaran Wall, 2011). The company has used the concept and philosophy of quality management to maintain its position as the leading supermarket in the UK. It goes the extra length not to increase quality of its services but also to maintain the quality for customer continuous satisfaction. The main focus in quality assurance for the company is to provide customers with products and services that will meet their needs as well as providing products and services that are free of accidents, wastes or defects (Ciaran Wall, 2011). Quality performance objective is the most prioritized objective above all other business strategic objectives (Ciaran Wall, 2011). The company uses various strategies to achieve this goal of quality. The company dedicates a highly skilled human resource to maintain and improve the quality of services offered to its customers. Every single day, the company’s management staff has to attend a meeting with the main agenda being total quality management. The staff discusses ways in which every business function can be integrated or adjusted to meet quality. The company has a quality improvement team that deals with ensuring maintenance of quality in all the goods the company sells in its stores as well the services it provides to its loyal customers. In addition the quality improvement team is charged with the responsibility to identify ways of improving the quality of service to its customers every day. This team meets on a weekly basis to lead and monitor the process of quality assurance (Ciaran Wall, 2011). In addition to the dedication of human resource to customer service management, the company also has principles and policies used to govern quality assurance. The first policy is that, it is a mandatory for all employees to meet the requirements of the customers all the time. Secondly the policies also focus on prevention of defects in its products and errors during the process of customer service. The goods sold in Tesco stores must meet certain standards and this means that total quality management according to Tesco involves also the supply chain management. Suppliers of goods are not expected to deliver goods with defects which would cause the customers to raise complaints. Thirdly, the policies also focus on the verification of processes to measure whether they are meeting the right standards for quality. Speed performance objective The condition for food preparation has to be hygienic The company also considers the quality management system of all its suppliers before getting into business with them Cost performance objective Human resource management. The company has policies that ensure its team of workers is treated with the respect it deserves Improving quality in the products is achieved in several ways. Tesco as a company produces its own products. Being a retain chain with stores online and in several other location in the UK, the company gets to sell products produced by other manufacturing companies. The company subjects all its products to testing in order to meet the required standard of quality. It inspects all its products at every point during the process of production (Ciaran Wall, 2011). Hygiene is maintained especially for production of goods that require cleanliness. Food products and pharmaceuticals are just but the example of products that require high sensitivity to cleanliness. Therefore, a part from employing skilled workforce, the company ensures that the people handling products that require high sensitivity to cleanliness maintain a certain level of hygiene to mitigate errors and complains. If customers who use the food court at any of the company’s stores complain of about the quality of food , then this would affect the business and cause customers to develop mistrust for the company. However, when customers enjoy the food produced by Tesco because of the quality, then they would undoubtedly develop a habit of buying food at Tesco’s stores (Ciaran Wall, 2011). Products sold at the stores have to have marks indicating the date of expiry. This includes both the products produced by the company and the products produced by other companies. When a good is about to expire after staying on the shelf for too long, the quality assurance and improvement team ensure that they are removed from the shelves and disposed properly (Ciaran Wall, 2011). The goods which are shelved on Tesco’s stores have to be fresh. As such, the company has found it highly possible to make sells of items such as groceries and meat fresh meat products. Perishable goods are sold within the stores on a daily basis and replenished on a daily basis. It is hard to find highly perishable products being shelved after 24 hours (Ciaran Wall, 2011). In most cases, they are entirely sold out within the time period of 24 hours. The company also has a policy where once perishable goods such as groceries begin to show signs of defect, they are automatically removed from the she lves and donated to homes where they can be used immediately. The team charged with the responsibility of quality control and assurance ensures that only products that meet the required standards are shelved. Quality control is therefore majorly achieved through two main methods: inspections and testing (Yasin, et al., 2009). It is a technique that is applied during the entire process of production. It is applied before the finished product is produced and also after production (Yasin, et al., 2009). The raw materials have to be subjected to standard testing. It cannot use raw materials that will not yield the expected quality. Therefore selection of materials to be used in production is an crucial aspect of quality that the company emphasizes on. Every product of the various stages of production has to be tested to meet certain standards (Yasin, et al., 2009). Speed is an notable emphasis in the company when it comes to performance objective. This implies the time taken for delivery of an item once the client places an order. Customers are highly valued and none of them is expected to wait longer than the required time for delivery (Yasin, et al., 2009). The company simply tries to reduce cases of customer complaints by ensuring that they get value for their money (Yasin, et al., 2009). A customer can get what he or she needs whenever they need it; and hence it is only through speedy delivery of products that this objective can be achieved. Speed is used when handling customers. The store customer attendants are taught to be very prompt as they attend to customers. The company has noticed that customers can be frustrated by long queues especially when making payments (Yasin, et al., 2009). This frustration can cause the customers to opt for other stores or supermarkets with shorter queues. In response to this need, the company has ensured that delivery of service at the teller points is very fast and efficient so that customers do not have to waste their valuable time (Yasin, et al., 2009). When speed is achieved in the operations of the company, then all the other departments will be impacted to incorporate speed (Yasin, et al., 2009). Communication of information is done with the same necessary speed for effectiveness. Speedy communication helps in proper record keeping. It helps throughout the entire process of supply chain management and inventory management. Quality in communication however is only achieved through proper IT system that integrates all the business functional units for smooth flow of information. The company has an enterprise resource planning system that helps to improve the quality of internal and external communication in the company. The system enhances smooth and quick flow of communication throughout the process of supply chain management (Yasin, et al., 2009). The human resource management affects quality of the products. HRM is one other area that the company stresses on when it comes to ensuring quality of service delivery. Customers have to be treated with value and esteem when they interact with the company (Yasin, et al., 2009). Human resource is valued since the company has realized the role human resource plays in ensuring effectiveness and efficiency of operations. Tesco has devoted to treating its associates with the respect they deserve and in effect this has yielded fruits in the company’s general output (Yasin, et al., 2009). The associates and employees need to be motivated to work harder and be at their best (Chew Sharma, 2006). The human resource team at Tesco has ensured that the best potential of every employee is produced. For instance, the company has dedicated substantial amount of its vast revenue and profits to employee reward and compensation system (Chew Sharma, 2006). The packages provided to employees for their work is worth it since at the end of it all the employees are motivated to work for the best of the company. The organizational culture created by the human resource team is one that is aligned to the strategic objectives of the company. Quality assurance is among the strategic objectives of the company (Yasin, et al., 2009). Tesco has low cost policies. This performance objective depends on the efficiency of the internal operations of the company (Yasin, et al., 2009). When the company is able to be effective internally, then it implies that it uses less money in running its operations. As a result the company will be in a better position to provide its customers with high quality goods and services at a reduced cost compared to its competitors (Yasin, et al., 2009). Resources are usually wasted or spent unnecessarily when trying to repair products or correct errors made. Such cost has been avoided by the company because of its effectiveness in its internal operations (Ciaran Wall, 2011). The effectiveness has been reflected in the cost of its products. UK companies have been experiencing effects of the recession for the fourth year now since 2008 (Ciaran Wall, 2011). However, Tesco is among the few companies in the retail industry that has continued to experience increased revenues and profitability d espite the effects of the recession. With the low cost policy customers are still able to maintain their shopping volume (Yasin, et al., 2009). Adjusting to the recession required flexibility as form of performance objective (Yasin, et al., 2009). The company has been able to achieve this objective and as a result maintained its competitiveness in the market (Yasin, et al., 2009). The market has a lot of changes and diversification. The company changes its marketing strategy to suit the opportunities available in the market. For instance, during the peak of the recession in 2008, customer purchase behavior changed drastically (Ciaran Wall, 2011). This meant that the company had to adjust to the purchase behavior of that moment. It required constant updated analysis of the market situation and considering the four elements of market mix to identify ways in which they can be adjusted to fit the needs of the markets. In this way the company managed to maintain its sales volume, revenue base, and profit margins (Ciaran Wall, 2011). Flexibility also entails introduction of new services and products to enhance the experience of the customers when they visit Tesco stores. The latest products introduced by the company are mainly in the service industry. They include sales of houses, financial, insurance, and internet services. Another example of a new product is the Irish yoghurt (Ciaran Wall, 2011). This was introduced with the realization of consumers appreciating natural products. In order to reduce the cost incurred through the process of product distribution, the company decided to have its own products that are used domestically on daily basis. This includes items such as milk, bread, butter, jam, ice cream etc. all these products bear the brand name of the company and they retail at cheaper prices compared to other brands produced by other companies (Ciaran Wall, 2011). Approaches to Improve TQM and customer care There are numerous approaches that can be adopted in order to improve the quality of customer experience in an organization. Leadership in a company needs to be active and involved in all aspect of business function (Smith, 2009). Leadership inspires success and it is therefore recommended that effective leadership and managerial skills be employed. The kind of leadership required is one that envisions quality of customer experience as means that would make a difference in the company intended impact to the consumers (Smith, 2009). Anybody can offer leadership, but the leadership needs to be vital to cause positive change in the organization. It is a practice that has to be adopted if companies want to improve the quality of customer experiences of its products and services (Smith, 2009). The other solution to effective improvement of customer care is through a joint ownership of a company’s essential business function. Marketing, human resource, and customer service are important business functions of any company such that whenever a problem occurs with one of the function, there is need to have a collective ownership by all the three departments in order to fix the problem (Smith, 2009). When such a problem is solved by the triad, then effectiveness of the solution is optimized. There is also need to focus on strategically important customers (Smith, 2009). A company needs to collect data of all its potential customers and develop strategies of attracting them and sustaining their loyalty (Smith, 2009). Conclusion Total quality management can be defined as a means of seeking excellence in all functions of business in order to prevent possibilities of errors or mistakes and to create optimal customer satisfaction Quality is used a strategic weapon where companies use to compete within the current markets. Quality pleases the consumers who are the most important people for any business whether in service sector or deals with production of goods. This paper has provided a critical analysis of case studies that focus on how the UK based Tesco supermarket has introduced and developed a holistic system total quality management. Throughout the entire paper, it is apparent that techniques of TQM are important for a company to succeed and remain competitive in the marketplace. The techniques of TQM are applied on every essential function of a business including, Human Resource Management, SCM, CRM, and marketing. Reference list Bowersox, C. Cooper, 2010. Supply Chain Logistics Management. New York: McGraw-Hill. Chew, I. Sharma, B., 2006. The effects of culture and HRM practices on firm perfomance. international journal of manpower, pp. 560-581. Ciaran, C. Wall, T., 2011. The global financial crisis and UKs PPPs. International Journal of public sector management, pp. 533-542. Heckl, D., Moormann, J. Rosemann, M., 2010. Uptake and Success Factors of six signs in the retail service industry. Business Process Management Journal, p. 16(3). Smith, S., 2009. Customer Experience Management: 10 Best Practices to Create Real Business Value. [Online] Available at: http://www.customerthink.com/article/customer_experience_management_ten_best_practices Wessel, G. Burcher, P., 2010. Six sigma for small and medium-sized enterprises. The TQM magazine, pp. 16(4), pp.264-272.. Yasin, M., Alavi, J., Kunt, M. Zimmerer, T., 2009. TQM practices in service organizations: an exploratory study into the implementation, outcome and effectiveness. Managing Service Quality, pp. 14(5), pp. 377-389.

Effects Of Alcohol On The Society - 2170 Words

Alcohol, or more accurately identified as ethanol, is the type of alcohol in alcoholic beverages. It can be a very controlling and addictive drug. Alcohol can be produced both synthetically and naturally through the process of fermentation of fruits, vegetables, and grains. Although alcohol can be considered a social icebreaker and may seem to produce an energy rush, this initial reaction hides alcohol’s true effects as a depressant that slows the nervous system. Alcohol can affect a person’s motor skills by slowing the reaction time, impairing vision, diminishing clear thinking and good judgment. Addictive consumption can have both adverse social and economic effects on the individual drinker, the drinker’s immediate environment and society as a whole. Due to alcohol consumption on the material welfare of the society as a whole, binge drinking leads to a negative impact of social and economic costs, impacting directly- the value of goods and services delive red to address the harmful effects of alcohol, and indirectly- the value of personal productive services that are not delivered as a consequence of drinking. Alcohol is the foremost drug of abuse in the United States today, following the effects of alcohol abuse and alcoholism. It has a negative impact on society as a whole in terms of resources required for criminal justice, health care costs and other social institutions, being damaging to our nation s economy both directly and indirectly just as the healthShow MoreRelatedAlcohol And Its Effects On Society1647 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as alcohol. Most people do not consider alcohol a threat to society.or think that it should be a controlled substance. 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George Orwells 1984 Unmasking Totalitarianism - 1749 Words

The outlook to the future is usually one filled with hope. When failures of the past and present problems collide together, the future is often seen as a place of hope. This mindset was no different in Britain during the mid 20th century, especially in the late 1940’s. World War II had finally ended, the days of fighting Nazi Germany was behind everyone but present circumstances were bleak. Britain was still recovering from the effects of World War II and handling the transition of a new socialist democratic government. From the east there loomed Stalin’s Soviet Union with its communism government and Totalitarian ruling mindset. Many were oblivious to the facts surrounding communism and looked hopefully to it. The reason for this†¦show more content†¦Syme begins to articulate the beauty of what they are doing, by stating â€Å"not in inventing new words†¦we’re destroying words†¦we’re cutting the language down to the bone† (Orwell 52). As the conversation continues Syme gives the whole purpose of the development of Newspeak by saying, â€Å"Don’t you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thought crime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed will be expressed by exactly one word†¦the Revolution will be complete when the language is complete†¦the whole literature of the past will have been destroyed† (Orwell 53-53). The goal of the party was to strip language down to its bare minimum. The effect of this is apparently taking its toll on Winston. Early on in the novel he is having a difficult time writing his thoughts in his journal and later on when he is reading Goldstein book, he thinks â€Å"It said what he would have said, if it have been possible for him to set his scattered thoughts in order† (205). Mitzi Brunsdale states that Win ston had to â€Å"overcome the effects of Big Brothers abuse sufficiently to put his thoughts in order,† and when he was able to write against the party he begins his â€Å"first forbidden step toward asserting his individuality† (143,147). The party knows that when language could be

Digital Crimes Electronic Within Crimes †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Explain On Digital Crimes Electronic Within Crimes? Answer: Introduction In the recent years, digital crimes or crimes within electronic and digital media have become quite prevalent. The most common of these has been the cyber crime. As a result of this, there has been a growing need for investigation of digital crimes by both individual organizations and criminal justice systems. These crimes are done partially or entirely via electronic media and the internet. Digital forensics often requires resources and procedures to facilitate searching, location, and preservation of all electronic evidence. An example of digital evidence that can be used in such cases is encrypted data which is used to facilitate criminal activities. Analysis of such data is very important in digital forensics (Aziz,2014). Digital forensics is the process through which electronic data is uncovered and interpreted. Digital forensics aims at preserving any evidence in its original form in the course of forensic investigations in order to enable reconstruction of past events. Digital Financial Services (DFS), which provides financial services for individuals, employees and Companies, is faced with a real-time data threat that is likely to have an impact its more than 250 employees as well as the more than 3 million customers that it serves. John Stuarts incidence has necessitated the formation of a team to investigate the alleged misconduct and violation of company rules by Tom wills through his act of logging into a colleague's account. For that reason, an investigation has been launched by a team of auditors to ascertain the extent of his activities, the extent to which others are involved, the people affected as well as if there is a necessity of criminal charges against Tom. This digital forensics Investigative plan is aimed at enabling systematic collection of evidence and analysis of electronic and digital data. Digital forensics methodology Methodology refers to the theoretical and systematic study of the method used in a field of study. It encompasses a theoretical investigation of methods and principles that are related to a particular branch of knowledge. The forensic investigation requires the use of an investigative methodology that has been used previously with a combination of tools ensure as that data is collected and preserved in a sound and legal manner. Computer forensics is concerned with identifying, preserving, extraction, documentation, and interpretation of computer data. Computer forensics can be viewed as a process involving the use of analysis techniques and computer investigation in order to determine potential evidence in the case of a wide range of computer crimes. Examples of computer crime include fraud, destruction of intellectual property and theft of trade secrets( Caloyannides,2014). A Number of forensic investigation methodologies have been developed to aid in forensic investigation. Some of these methodologies have been developed for use in specific instances while others have been developed for general application. Among the main methodologies used in the Forensic analysis is the method developed by Heiser and Kruse II which involves the acquisition, authentication, analysis and presentation of evidence (Kruse Heiser,2013). Another methodology was developed farmer and Venema in which they identified some main steps in computer forensic analysis. These steps included securing and isolation, recording of the scene, systematic search for evidence, collection and packaging of evidence and maintenance of chain of custody. Mandia and precise also developed a methodology for use in forensic investigations (EC-CounciL Press,2017). Their methodology involves steps such as pre-incidence preparation, incidents detection, first response, Formulation of response strategy, duplication, analysis, implementation of security measure, network monitoring, recovery, reporting and finally reporting. Digital Forensic Research workshop has also developed am method of forensic analysis which is divided into phases such as identification, preservation, collection, examination, analysis presentation and decision. Due to the fact that the organization servers are UNIX/LINUX, The most appropriate methodology for use will be SANS methodology the main reason for choosing this methodology is that its level of reliability in evidence presentation is quite high. The method will also enable the forensic investigation to remain on the right track (Kruse Heiser,2013). This makes it the most appropriate method for investigation for investigating the IFSA Security issue. This method is divided into eight steps. Verification This is the first done as part of incidence response Verification will be done to ascertain that the incident has taken place. The verification stage will also involve the determination of the scope and breadth of the incident. In short, the factors to be determined here will be the situation, the specifics, and nature of the case. Verification is important because it will facilitate identification of the best approach for identifying, preserving and collecting evidence (Newman, 2007). System description This step will involve gathering data about the incident at hand. The team will need to describe the system for analysis in terms of where it is being acquired, its role in the in the organization as well as in the network. This will be followed by outlining the systems operating system and general configuration such as the format of its disk, the location of evidence and its RAM capacity (Philipp, Cowen Davis,2010). Acquisition of Evidence This step will involve identification of possible sources of data, acquisition of both volatile and nonvolatile data and verification of data integrity and maintenance of chain of custody. This step will also involve prioritization of evidence collection as well as the engagement of the business owners with an aim of identifying the possible impact of the selected strategies. Of central focus should also be the order in which volatile data is collected because of because of the fact that it changes over time. For this reason, volatile data will need to be collected using trusted binaries in running processes, open files, RAM Contents and login sessions. After data acquisition, its integrity should then be determined (Maras, 2015). Timeline Analysis This step will involve forensic lab analysis and investigation for which the first step is timeline analysis under timeline analysis information such as time of data modification, access, change and creation of human readable format. Data will be gathered using a variety of tools, extracted from Inode and then parsed and sorted in order to facilitate analysis. Timelines of memory artifacts will also need to be considered in the reconstruction process to ascertain what happened. This step will also involve generation of an idea of the date of the activity done in the system, the artifacts used, the actual action and source. SIFT Workstation tool can be used in this process (EC-Council Press, 2010) Media and Artifact Analysis This step will involve the analysis of huge sets of data in order to identify what programs were executed, downloaded files, files which were opened, directories which were opened, files which were deleted areas browsed by the use etc. This analysis will also be focused on identifying evidence on the usage of accounts and browsers download of files, creation and opening of files, execution of programs and usage of USB key. Memory analysis will also be important for examination of rogue processes, process paths, mutex, user handles and processed paths (Marshall, 2011). String/Byte search This method will be applied to search for magic cookies through the use of appropriate tools and techniques which will also facilitate low-level image search. This step will also allow string searches by the use of regular expressions to identify strings relevant to the case. Data recovery This step will involve the recovery of data from the file system. Tools will be used to analyze the file system, data layer, and Metadata layer in order to find the files of data.This step will also facilitate analysis of unallocated space, analysis of lack space as well as in-depth file system analysis. Reporting Results This will be the final phase and it will involve reporting what has been found from the analysis such as description of the actions performed, determination of other actions that needed to be performed and offering recommendations on the improvements that need to be made on policies, procedures, tools, guidelines as well as other aspects of the forensic process. Reporting is an important part of the forensic investigation (Volonino Anzaldua,2008). Required resources A number of resources and skills are required to conduct digital forensic investigation Forensic investigation tools The organization will also need to have the necessary tools to facilitate the investigation process. For the case under analysis, tools such as tool dd are required. The investigation also requires the use of tools such as Tool EnCase Sufficient Forensic capabilities As part of the skill requirement in order to carry out the process well, the team involved in handling the case will be required to possess robust forensic capabilities. This will require the team to be composed of members possessing different skills for each of them to be able to perform a different effort and collectively make the process a success Efficient Network and Computer forensics For the process to be successful, the team will also need an efficient network and computer forensics to facilitate performance of different tasks in an organization such as investigating inappropriate behavior and crimes and troubleshooting operational problems, without which the organization will encounter challenges in determining when the occurrence of the incident within the system happened (Volonino Anzaldua,2008). Policies having forensic consideration The organization also needs to have in place policies that have forensic consideration. Such policies will be applied to the people tasked with the responsibility of monitoring the network and system. These will also be applied in the investigation of the case under analysis (Volonino,Anzaldua Godwin,2007). This policy must define the roles and responsibilities of each of the individuals taking place in the investigation process as well as provide guidelines on the most appropriate course of action for different cases Approach for data evidence Identification Application of digital technology will lead to the identification of huge sets of data based because of the fact that the company uses UNIX/LINUX servers. The main sources of data used in the forensic investigation include network storage devices, data servers and storage devices among others. These can be used for identification of evidence or the required data. It is also possible to use volatile data that is available on a standard computer system on a temporary basis. The process of identifying evidence will involve seizure of the digital media under investigation; this will then be followed by acquisition which involves the creation of a forensic duplicate. Analysis of image files created during the acquisition process will then be done to identify information that either in support or contradiction of the established hypothesis. This will then be followed by reporting inform of Meta documentation or audit information (Vacca,2015). Approach and Steps to be taken Step one: This will involve the establishment of a chain of custody. This step will require the team to be aware of the location of any items that are related to the examination. Step two: This step will involve cataloging of all the information that is relevant to the investigation. In this step, attempts will be made to recover any information that has been deleted as much as possible. This step will also involve identification of any information that is password protected and encrypted information as well as any evidence of attempts that had been made to hide data. The integrity of the original media should, however, be maintained as much as possible without any form of alteration. Finally, there will be a need to create a hard drive image that would be authenticated against the original to ensure that the two are similar (Shinder, 2012). Step3: This step will require obtaining of additional sources of information if it will be necessary. Some of the sources that will be used include proxy server logs and firewall logs Step 4: Step four will involve the analysis and interpretation of information for the purpose of evidence determination. Evidence to support that the accused person did it as well as evidence to that he did it will be sought. Any files that are encrypted or protected with passwords will need to be cracked at this step. Step five will involve the presentation of a written report that contains the findings of the analysis as well as any comments from the examination (Sheetz, 2007). Approach to recover files that have been deleted from the computer Data recovery can be the most important aspect of the forensic audit. It is from this data that is recovered that evidence is gathered. Although data does not entirely disappear from the system when it is deleted; there are techniques that are needed in order to recover it for forensic analysis. Deleted files in a computer often end up in the computer recycle bin. In such a situation the deleted information can be successfully retrieved from the recycle bin which is a temporary holding point for deleted files. However, in instances where deleted files have also been erased from the dust bin, more needs to be done. If no files are found in the dustbin, the files can still be recovered through the use of a number of data recovery tools. What happens when data is deleted from a computer is that the data is not entirely wiped from the computer. Instead, a file system record that shows the exact location of that particular file on the disc is marked as deleted. The disk space previously occupied by this file is then made available for other sets of data (Quach,2014). An analysis of the file system or conducting a hard drive scan in order to identify characteristic signatures of file types that are known can facilitate recovery of both files deleted by the user and other evidence such as temporary copies of office documents; documents that have been renamed among many other types of documents. Information from other sources such as Skype chat logs that are stored in the chat sync folder can be used to supplement data from deleted files. With the existence of chat sync folder, Skype chats can be recovered even in the event of failure to recover deleted Skype database (Pilli, Joshi and Niyogi,2010). Data security policies. A number of policies can be put up by the organization to enhance the security of data within the organization. Restricting unauthorized access to information: This will involve safeguarding all sensitive institutional and personal information against access by unauthorized persons. This can be achieved through the use of stringent punishments on those found to have violated data privacy policy. Establishing password management: This policy will require the establishment of passwords for all employees who have access to corporate resources. After passwords have been established, employees should then be directed to keep their passwords private and confidential and avoid sharing them will colleagues (Cyber Defense Training Systems, Lewis,2007). Recommendations There are a number of factors that the company can consider in order to make the process a success and effectively deal with the identified problem. The first recommendation for the company is the determination of all the parts that will be involved in the forensic examination and subsequently determine the individuals who will be responsible for each of the parts. The reason for this is the fact that many parts of the forensic investigation might require specific skills and attributes( Casey,2010). The organization will need to identify if any part of the analysis will need to be performed by external parties or whether everything will be handled by the organizations staff. Additionally, the organization will have to involve teams such as the management, human resources and IT professionals to make the process more effective. Finally, the organization will have to create procedures and guidelines to be used during the process such as explaining the methodologies most appropriate as well as guidelines for ensuring the integrity of the data collected. Conclusion Based on this report, the issue experienced by Impact Financial Service Australia is quite serious can cause serious harm to the organization if nothing is done about it. The action is a threat not only to individual employees data but also organizational data. Access to unauthorized data can facilitate fraud and other crimes in an organization such as data theft. For this reason, a forensic analysis has been instituted by the organization to provide more insight about the alleged fraud and institute measures to prevent such occurrence in future. It is evident from the plan that specific tools, as well as expertise and skills, will need to be employed in the forensic investigation. The process will also involve specific methodologies. Reference List: Aziz, B., 2014. Modelling and refinement of forensic data acquisition specifications. Digital Investigation, 11(2), pp.90-101. Caloyannides, M. (2014). Privacy Protection and Computer Forensics. Norwood, Artech House. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=227692. Casey, E. (2010). Digital investigations, security and privacy. Digital Investigation, 7(1-2), pp.1-2. Cyber Defense Training Systems, Lewis, J. A. (2007). Corporate computer forensics training system text manual. Volume I. Leslie, Mich, Cyber Defense and Research Initiative. EC-CounciL Press. (2017). Computer forensics: investigating network intrusions and cybercrime. EC-Council Press. (2010). Computer forensics: investigating wireless networks and devices. Clifton Park, NY, Course Technology Cengage Learning. EC-Council Press. (2010). Computer forensics: investigating data and image files. Clifton Park, NY, Course Technology Cengage Learning Kruse, W. G., Heiser, J. G. (2013). Computer forensics: incident response essentials. Boston, Mass. [u.a.], Addison-Wesley Maras, M.-H. (2015). Computer forensics: cybercriminals, laws, and evidence, second edition. Burlington, MA, Jones Bartlett Learning. https://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=69834 Marshall, A. (2011). Standards, regulation quality in digital investigations: The state we are in. Digital Investigation, 8(2), pp.141-144. Newman, R. C. (2007). Computer forensics: evidence collection and management. Boca Raton, FL, Auerbach Publications. Philipp, A., Cowen, D., Davis, C. (2010). Hacking exposed computer forensics: secrets solutions. New York, McGraw-Hill/Osborne. https://www.books24x7.com/marc.asp?bookid=72523. Pilli, E., Joshi, R. and Niyogi, R. (2010). Network forensic frameworks: Survey and research challenges. Digital Investigation, 7(1-2), pp.14-27. Quach, T. (2014). Extracting hidden messages in steganographic images. Digital Investigation, 11, pp.S40-S45 Sheetz, M. (2007). Computer forensics: an essential guide for accountants, lawyers, and managers. New Jersey, John Wiley Sons. Shinder, D. L. (2012). Scene of the cybercrime: computer forensics handbook. Rockland, Syngress Media. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=294354 Vacca, J. R. (2015). Computer forensics: computer crime scene investigation. Hingham, Mass, Charles River Media. Volonino, L., Anzaldua, R., Godwin, J. (2007). Computer forensics: principles and practices. Upper Saddle River, N.J., Pearson/Prentice Hall. Volonino, L., Anzaldua, R. (2008). Computer forensics for dummies. Hoboken, N.J., Wiley. https://www.123library.org/book_details/?id=11847.

The Eoropean Renaissance Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

The Eoropean Renaissance Essay, Research Paper The Renaissance, which began in Italy in 1300s, was one of the largest periods of growing and development in Western Europe. There were many factors taking to the Renaissance. First was the development of Scholasticism. This was an effort to blend Christian beliefs with non-Christian doctrine. The Crusades to recapture Jerusalem was another factor taking to the beginning of the Renaissance. The Crusades brought back lost plants from the Roman Empire and opened trade with the Middle East. The campaigns led to the loss of the Church # 8217 ; s prestigiousness. The church was no longer viewed as the beginning of truth and authorization. The Bubonic Plague led people to oppugn the church and put the phase for monolithic societal, political, economic and philosophical alteration. The Crusades led to an addition in trade caused copiousness in wealth that resulted in the focussing of the humanistic disciplines. Major progresss in literature, pictures, sculptures occurred during this period. We will write a custom essay sample on The Eoropean Renaissance Essay Research Paper The or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The most drastic alteration took topographic point in art. Some of the celebrated art from this clip include: Donatello # 8217 ; s sculpture of David, da Vinci # 8217 ; s Mona Lisa and the Last Supper, and Michelanglo # 8217 ; s ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. Masaccio developed the regulations of position and oil pigments were invented. The Renaissance was genuinely the â€Å"rebirth† of lost thoughts from ancient Greece and Rome along with the birth of new thoughts. One of the more of import innovations of this period was the movable type printing imperativeness. Johann Gutenberg is credited with publishing the first book, a transcript of the Bible. On little pieces of metal they engraved individual letters of the alphabet. These could so be arranged and rearranged to organize words and sentences. By the 1500’s printing imperativenesss where reasonably good spread. The printing imperativeness had many effects on the universe. For the first clip books could be produced in big measures, which made them cheaper. That meant common people could afford them. As a consequence literacy became more widespread. The Renaissance produced many great heads. Leonardo district attorney Vinci was one of these, although he was non regarded as a genious in his clip He besides is now regarded as a great discoverer. He is credited for coming up with the thought of the chopper. He dissected cadavers to larn more about human anatomy. Another great adult male was a German monastic, Martin Luther. Luther # 8217 ; s beliefs challenged the church although many people agreed with his thoughts. He was finally excommunicated from the church and he started Protestantism. In decision, the Renaissance was a clip of new rousing in Europe.